Everything about PCOD

What is PCOD?

PCOD, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age worldwide, including in India.

In India, PCOD is estimated to affect up to 10-15% of women of reproductive age, with higher rates reported among urban and overweight/obese women. PCOD can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of affected women, and can also have implications for fertility and pregnancy outcomes.

Symptoms: The symptoms of PCOD can vary from woman to woman, but the most common symptoms include irregular periods, heavy bleeding, weight gain, acne, excess hair growth, and difficulty getting pregnant.

Causes: The exact cause of PCOD is unknown, but it is thought to be related to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances. Women with PCOD may have high levels of androgens, which are male hormones that can interfere with the normal function of the ovaries.

Diagnosis: PCOD is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to check hormone levels. An ultrasound may also be performed to check for cysts on the ovaries.

Treatment: There is no cure for PCOD, but it can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication. Treatment may include weight loss, exercise, birth control pills to regulate menstrual cycles, and medications to lower insulin resistance and androgen levels.

Complications: PCOD can lead to several complications, including infertility, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. Women with PCOD are also at increased risk for endometrial cancer if they do not have regular menstrual periods.

In my private practice, I have seen improvement in condition of patient after adopting some lifestyle changes:

Weight loss: Losing weight can help to reduce insulin resistance and improve hormonal imbalances, which are common features of PCOD. Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% can be beneficial.

Diet: Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is rich in whole foods, fiber, and lean protein, and low in processed foods and added sugars, can help to improve insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances. It may also help with weight loss.

Exercise: Regular exercise can help to improve insulin resistance, reduce inflammation, and promote weight loss. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.

Stress management: Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which can disrupt hormonal balance and contribute to PCOD symptoms. Incorporating stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing can be helpful.

Sleep: Getting enough quality sleep is important for hormonal balance and overall health. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night, and practice good sleep hygiene habits such as avoiding screens before bedtime and keeping a consistent sleep schedule.

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